Page 20 - Handout

Carl X Gustav´s 1 war against Denmark 1657-1658 st During Swedish wars against Poland and Russia, little combat experienced soldiers and they were to meat Denmark declared war on Sweden. Austria, Spain and the most efficient army at the time. the Netherlands had persuaded Denmark to attack Sweden. June 16, 1657 Denmark made an attack on On October 24 the Swedes controlled the whole of Jut- Swedish Bremen in Germany and June 23, the Swedish land. In late January 1658 the sea water around Denmark King left Poland with a force of 6,000 soldiers to fight the froze to ice, a very rarely moment. The Swedish Army Danes. The force was small, but this was probably the used this opportunity but very dangerous to march on best and most experienced soldiers at the time. The the ice. A risky gamble that paid off. Peace Treaty is majority of these Swedish soldiers had participated in signed in Roskilde, Sealand February 26, where Sweden more than 30 battles. In Swedish Pomerania more received several Danish provinces (about ⅓ of main soldiers joined. The Danish army consisted of mostly Denmark) and also some Norwegian. 1657 By military courier Uppsala, Sweden - Sw. Army at Fredriksodde, Denmark... …and the Sw. rider Nils Pehrsson Klinga in the cavalry unit “Adelsfanan” (=the banner of nobility). Dated and signed November 18, 1657 by O. von Sack. Messages and military letters could be exchanged between the Sw. King’s and Army’s headquarter and Stockholm with the ships transported new weapons and reinforcements. In content the sender thanked Klinga for his letter of Oct. 28, 1657 which arrived in Uppsala Nov. 12, 1657. The cavalry unit “Adelsfanan” is actually the Swedish King´s bodyguard. Their mission is to protect the King and follow him wherever he goes. Uppsala Norway (Denmark) Stockholm uu The fortress Fredriksodde was successfully uu stormed by the Sw. Army Oct. 24 1657 after 8 uu weeks of Swedish siege. uu January 1658 was very cold and on the night to SWEDEN Jan. 30, 1658 the Sw. King with 9000 riders, marched on the frozen “Small Belt” to Fyn. uu Defeated 5000 Danish soldiers. DENMARK On the night to Feb. 6 the Sw. Army marched 12 DENMARK uu uu km on the frozen “Big Belt” and then via the Fredriks- small islands to Själland, which was reached uu odde Roskilde Köbenhavn uu Baltic Sea Feb. 10. The Danes “welcomed” the Swedish uu Army by offering an armistice immediately. 1658 uu uu 1657 The dangerous nightly ice marches were The letter route one of the worlds most bold military war uu 1657 operations ever. Wismar Sw. forces 1657-1658 In the peace treaty of Roskilde Sweden gained Today’s southern and south western all land connecting to southern and south Swedish border are a lasting result from western Sweden and some part of Norway. this war. Duration: Jun. 16, 1657 - Feb. 26, 1658 Main area: Danish Islands and Jutland